As a matter of fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera. They feared, however, that it would undercut their profitable film business. We know how that story ended. As established companies focus on sustaining innovation — advances that improve existing products — they open to themselves up to disruption from those working on truly remarkable disruptions.
Disruption can often have a paralyzing effect on leaders. They typically target new or low-end customers first. Once it grabs a foothold in these markets, however, the disruptors may be on a journey to upend the incumbent. Diffusion of Innovation.
The Brand Identity Prism. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Level 5 Leadership. And More…. Individual License: : Where Available. An individual license is for personal use. You will pay only once for using the deliverable forever. You will have access to any new updates within 12 months after purchase. You are not authorized to use an individual license in a corporate setting or consulting situations.
Enterprise License: An enterprise license is applicable if you are representing a company, irrespective of size, and intend to use the deliverables across the company. You pay only once for using the deliverable forever. So I have lived through many of the steps the book describes and I reckon they are rendered very accurately.
The research shows! Nelson Zagalo. Author 7 books followers. A good book, but a bit disappointing because totally centred upon business managing. I would like to see the discussion occurring at a lower level, the creative moment, before management decisions. Leave here the five principles stated by Clayton in the book. I generally agree with all of them, being the fifth one the most subjective.
Christensen writes clearly and analytically, with lot's of examples and research, pleasure to read. A thought provoking read no doubt, even for those not in executive positions. And it's also interesting to use the frameworks described to think about new technologies that constantly keep surfacing on this Information Age we live in. Microsoft's Excel spreadsheet software, for example, required 1.
Its version 5. Some industry observers believe that if a team of developerswere to watch typical users, they would find that functionality has substantially overshot mainstream market demands. If true, this could create an opportunity for a disruptive technology - applets picked off the internet and used in simple internet appliances rather than in full-function computers, for example - to invade this market from below. Or if we stretch a bit, cloud services not present on our own devices, but on far away server rooms.
Tenth chapter of this book is basically the manual for approaching electric vechicles as a disruptive technology - a manual for Elon Musk to build Tesla. Well, that's why you don't predict, but explore and try. Watching how customers actually use a product provides much more reliable information than can be gleaned from a verbal interview or a focus group. Thus, observations indicate that auto users today require a minimum cruising range that is, the distance that can be driven without refueling of about to miles; most electric vehicles only offer a minimum cruising range of 50 to 80 miles.
Similarly, drivers seem to require cars that accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour in less than 10 seconds necessary primarily to merge safely into highspeed traffic from freeway entrance ramps ; most electric vehicles take nearly 20 seconds to get there. And, finally, buyers in the mainstream market demand a wide array of options, but it would be impossible for electric vehicle manufacturers to offer a similar variety within the small initial unit volumes that will characterize that business.
According to almost any definition of functionality used for the vertical axis of our proposed chart, the electric vehicle will be deficient compared to a gasolinepowered car.
This information is not sufficient to characterize electric vehicles as disruptive, however. They will only be disruptive if we find that they are also on a trajectory of improvement that might someday make them competitive in parts of the mainstream market. The trajectories of performance improvement demanded in the market—whether measured in terms of required acceleration, cruising range, or top cruising speed—are relatively flat.
This is because traffic laws impose a limit on the usefulness of ever-more-powerful cars, and demographic, economic, and geographic considerations limit the increase in commuting miles for the average driver to less than 1 percent per year. At the same time, the performance of electric vehicles is improving at a faster rate—between 2 and 4 percent per year—suggesting that sustaining technological advances might indeed carry electric vehicles from their position today, where they cannot compete in mainstream markets, to a position in the future where they might.
Actually any electric vehicle in production accelerates like a mad horse. In a young market, functionality is almost the same for all products, then they will start looking at reliability to differentiate the product. If that becomes the same, they will look at convenience. And if the products have become all three, the last thing basically will be a price war. Jeff Yoak. This is one of those books that becomes an instant classic. Everyone talks about it until you think you know most of what it has to say without reading it shortly after it comes out.
You can barely carry on a conversation about technology without someone using the term "disruptive. The book defined disruptive technologies vs. It shows how such companies can cope with the challenge to maximize their chances even though there are systemic biases against it given how an established company must approach resource allocation. In my own career, I'm generally in the place of the smaller companies that effectively utilize disruptive technologies rather than with large, established firms with that problem.
It is equally valuable from that perspective because it sheds light on some of the advantages that are felt but perhaps not fully identified and guidance on how you might better exploit them. This book ought to be read by most people interested in business and certainly everyone occupied with computer technology. Displaying 1 - 10 of 1, reviews. Many businesspeople as we mentioned earlier by trying and pushing too hard somehow they find themselves in a position where their existing products have even lower value than they used to have.
The people that know the company and its operations correctly are usually the managers. Every business is at risk from the start to the very end; even not taking a chance is a risk. The companies must try to isolate themselves from Irreversible investments in disruptive technologies. ROI is the core and substance to all that exists in the business world; wise investors would wait until a significant portion of the market demands specific product or service change so that they would minimize any unwanted economic failures by investing in valuable technologies.
Like this summary? Hello, yeah this article is genuinely fastidious and I have learned lot of things from it regarding blogging. That is not enough! The best firms must be able to compete in the stock market as well. Scroll down to find out. About Clayton M. Christensen proposes Five Principles of Disruptive Technologies: Companies depend on customers and investors for resources. Customers drive internal decision-making because companies are resource-dependent.
Large companies are not interested in small emerging markets, and they wait too long. Technology supply may NOT equal market demand. Part two is dedicated to solutions to this problem. Second: Innovation requires resource allocation, which is extraordinarily difficult for disruptive technologies.
Third: Disruptive technology needs a new market. Old customers are less relevant. Disruptive technology is a marketing problem, not a technological one. Fourth: Organizations have narrow capabilities. New markets enabled by disruptive technologies require very different capabilities.
Failure and iterative learning are required. Sixth: Disruptive innovations reward leaders. The former connotes that the subject is developed to the level of academic and professional discipline, taught in classes and the latter represent the fact that it is seen as a tool in public and private institutional management. According to P. Boulanger and Th. Scientifically, interdisciplinarity means that any comprehensive analysis of a sustainable development issue requires insights from several scientific disciplines, belonging to both the natural and the social sciences physics, biology, sociology, economics, politics, demography, etc….
The level of integration between the different disciplines the degree of interdisciplinarity depends on the subject matter. More interdisciplinarity is certainly also needed if sustainable development is viewed as a process where the various forms of productive capital must stay in line with each other xxiv - sustainable development is, in practiocal terms used interchangeably as process, as normative values and as means to enhancing green institutional agenda.
Desmond McNeill reminded us that in scientific term, Interdisciplinarity means the formulation of a uniform, discipline-transcending terminology or common methodology; cooperation within a common framework shared by the disciplines involved xxv.
By offering the discipline of sustainable development, colleges advance the argument of preparing future managers for leadership roles in companies and government to react positively to the challenges of the environment and development in their career.
Since establishing sustainable development objectives, systems and monitoring mechanisms requires leadership on the part of senior management, and a commitment to continuous improvement, xxvi the academic community is taking the lead role in ensuring capacity building as, apart from the fact that the subject is being taught as a discipline, science, administration and management faculty offer it as an integrated course and most of the time compulsory. There is no doubt that sustainable development takes the shape of an applied discipline as it conforms with the description of Richard A.
Both professional and academic qualifications in sustainable development seek to create additional knowledge in individuals to be able to apply the knowledge into whatever professions they have or eventually will have xxviii. This is a strategy to equip students and professionals seeking to upgrade knowledge with the awareness of the environment, the functionality of the economy and interaction with equity, social welfare, poverty and natural resource use.
Governments are presently in the race of integrating the Agenda 21 in national policies xxix and business will continue the quest for innovative ways of dealing with the environmental and development challenges in order to remain in business. The teaching and learning of sustainable development is not an end in itself, it is definitely a means to an end. By building the capacity of employees, employers foresee a chain of professionals who can be able to apply the principles as they grow in their career.
Universities are increasingly integrating it in their curriculum as part of international and national policies in education for capacity building of future leaders and managers of public and corporate affairs.
As asserted by the International Institute for Sustainable Development, if sustainable development is to achieve its potential, it must be integrated into the planning and measurement systems of business enterprises xxx When this is the case, sustainable development is a management tool. We mentioned in section 2 that the agenda 21 incarnates sustainable development. Present endeavour to integrate the former into national policies results in sustainable development as a management tool in the public domain, geared at efficient delivery of national policies and overall management of development in ways that conform with equitable environmental, economic and social standards.
Our notion of sustainable development floats between its being a multidisciplinary science and a management tool. The justification for putting the term before or after another subject or discipline could be as a result of the intertwining and common relevance of it in the light of the uniting agenda in management and academic discipline.
Finally, the popularity of the term itself could own to the fact that it is an emerging subject which promises the prospect of better personal development and relevance in professional and private lives. This has left the issue of a general re-definition out of question till date. Growth is questioned vis-a -vis development. As Daly said, there is still need to include in the growth graph another parameter which represents environmental resources, to best evaluate the real value of economic growth in macro economics, if we must recognize that sustainable development is relevant to economics xxxi.
He has indeed limited the concept to the issue of governance. Milindo Chakrabarti made a rare attempt to define it as a process of simultaneously ensuring continuation of the economic, social and ecological basis of human life xxxiv. This is still not far-fetched from the Brundtland definition which has continued to be relevant, yet, controversial.
We have been able to establish however that sustainable development requires economic, environmental and social policies to be designed and implemented in a mutually reinforcing way. This implies a need for new management thinking to improve policy coherence and increasing the role of knowledge in the formulation and implementation of policies as well as better communication with civil, society and business.
Sustainable development should not be conceived as an additional requirement but as overarching principle, which governs the development processes xxxv. Pure ecology has seized to dominate discourse on sustainable development. The intertwining of disciplines and the provision for a situation where various actors act in unison of purpose to create a scenario of alliance towards positive and future- oriented development has rendered the subject relevant, to the point of standing alone as an academic discipline, asides its wide use as a management tool in both the public and corporate domains.
It is perhaps, on the basis of these affirmations that a new definition for sustainable development will take its form. Daly , Beyond Growth : the Economics of Sustainable Development, Beacon Press, p 1 ii Marvin Minsky affirmed that understanding is the ability to connect a representation to many other representations. If you understand something in only one or two ways, you scarcely understand it at all.
0コメント